Thermal Splitting Roof Shingles
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What Causes Roof Shingle Cracking and Splitting + How to Fix It
One of the more common types of asphalt shingle damage is thermal splitting. It leads to splits and cracks in asphalt shingles that can be the precursor to other problems like roof leaks and reduce the lifespan of the roofing system as well as its structural integrity.
This is a problem that has a root cause, but there are other factors that can increase the chance of it happening and make shingle damage much worse.
Have you noticed cracked roof shingles or splitting?
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Contributing Factors for Thermal Splitting in Roofing Shingles
Having a damaged shingle here and there on your roof is going to happen. However, if you notice that a number of shingles cracking and splitting apart that's cause for concern. It suggests that thermal splitting is occurring and repairs are needed so the problem doesn't get worse.
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Primary Cause of Thermal Splitting: Temperature Fluctuations
The root cause of thermal splitting in asphalt shingle roofs is the repeated expansion and contraction of the shingles due to temperature fluctuations. As the temperature outside changes, the shingles expand when it’s hot and contract when it’s cold. In climates with significant swings in the daily or seasonal temperature, shingles are more likely to experience thermal splitting due to the constant and/or rapid expansion and contraction.
While temperature fluctuations are the primary cause of split and cracked shingles, there are other contributing factors that can make the problem worse.
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Age and Weathering Over Time
As asphalt shingles age, they lose their flexibility and become more brittle. This makes them more susceptible to the effects of thermal splitting. Exposure to the sun's heat and UV radiation also causes the asphalt to degrade, weakening the shingles further and increasing the risk of splitting.
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Poor Roof Installation
Improper installation can cause added stress on the shingles, exacerbating the effects when thermal expansion and contraction happens. Common installation issues include nails driven in too tightly and nails that are placed incorrectly.
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Uneven Heat Distribution From Inadequate Insulation and Ventilation
There are two ways that uneven heat distribution can play a role in thermal splitting. The first issue is the asphalt shingles on the surface heating up faster than the underlayment below. The surface layer will expand faster when this happens.
The second issue is uneven heat distribution across the roof due to inadequate insulation and ventilation. Areas where the insulation is insufficient will heat up more causing different rates of expansion. Poor attic ventilation can trap heat and moisture beneath the roof, which can cause the shingles to overheat and increase the risk of thermal splitting.
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Roof Slope and Sun Exposure
Roofs with a steep slope and roofs that are more exposed to the sun can experience more intense temperature fluctuations, further contributing to the risk of thermal splitting.
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Low Quality Shingles
In places like Austin, TX where it can get very hot in the summer you want to use high quality asphalt shingles that are better at withstanding the heat. Lower quality asphalt shingles aren't as resilient to temperature changes and are at a greater risk of thermal shingle splitting. If you need roof replacement or are installing a new roof opt for a roofing material with cool coating that helps asphalt shingles reflect more sunlight and absorb less heat.

Roof Cracking Repair Measures That Should Be Taken
Asphalt roof cracking and splitting affects the appearance, performance and longevity of your asphalt roofing system. Fortunately, if you catch the problem early the repairs aren't too complex or costly. But if the problem goes on for a while the damage will be more extensive and it can lead to costly repairs or even roof replacement.
Here's what you need to do to repair shingle cracking from thermal splitting.
Get a Roof Inspection
A roof inspection from a professional will give you an idea of the extent of the damaged shingles as well as exactly where they are cracked. You may discover that the damage extends well beyond the shingle cracks that you can see.
Repair Minor Cracked Shingle Damage
If minor cracking occurs in a limited area it can be repaired without having to replace the shingles.
Clean cracked shingles: Before you can repair cracks and splits, the affected shingles need to be thoroughly cleaned and allowed to dry.
Apply roofing cement over cracks and splits: Apply a generous amount of roofing cement over the cracks and splits. The roofing cement needs to be pressed into the crack to makes sure it's filled in completely. Next, smooth the roofing cement out to ensure it’s even with the surrounding shingles.
Use a Roofing Sealant Around the Edges: Use a caulking gun to apply a small amount of roofing sealant along the edges of any shingles that have lifted up or become loose due to the splitting to prevent water from getting underneath.
Replace Badly Damaged Shingles
If the shingles are cracked and split beyond repair they need to be replaced. This can be done for a single shingle or a group of shingles.
Remove damaged shingles: A pry bar can be used to lift the tabs of the damaged shingles. Next, remove nails that are holding the damaged shingles in place.
Install the new shingles: Place the new shingles so that they align properly with the surrounding shingles. Secure the shingles with roofing nails of the correct length under the tabs of the shingles above it.
Seal around the edges of shingles: Finally, apply sealant or roofing cement underneath the edges of the new shingles to prevent lifting and roof damage.
By following these steps, you can extend the life of your asphalt shingles and prevent further damage from thermal splitting.
LOA installs and repairs asphalt roofs in Austin on a daily basis. We can quickly repair cracked and splits asphalt shingles and correct the underlying issues so it doesn't happen in the future. Get started by Scheduling a free roof inspection!
